India’s First Greater Flamingo Sanctuary Declared in Tamil Nadu

In a landmark move to protect migratory bird habitats and coastal ecosystems, Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M.K. Stalin inaugurated India’s first Greater Flamingo Sanctuary on 5th June 2025, coinciding with World Environment Day. The virtual inauguration was held from Chennai and organised by the Departments of Environment, Climate Change and Forests.

The newly declared sanctuary is located in Dhanushkodi, Rameshwaram taluk, and spans 524.7 hectares of both revenue and forest land. Positioned strategically along the Central Asian Flyway, Dhanushkodi serves as a vital stopover for thousands of migratory wetland birds each year. Among these, the iconic Greater Flamingo is a prominent visitor, making the region ideal for its first-of-its-kind sanctuary.

The sanctuary supports a thriving population of over 10,700 wetland birds, representing 128 different species. As part of the ecologically sensitive Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve, the area is home to rich and diverse habitats including mangroves, marshes, mudflats, and sand dunes. This fragile coastal ecosystem not only supports birdlife but also marine organisms and nesting sea turtles.

Mangroves play a crucial ecological role here, acting as breeding grounds for migratory birds while providing a natural defence against sea-level rise and coastal erosion. The sanctuary is expected to boost ecological conservation and eco-tourism in the region, and it also marks a significant stride in India’s efforts toward biodiversity preservation under the Ramsar Convention.

A Boost to Conservation, Biodiversity, and Eco-Tourism in Dhanushkodi

The declaration of the sanctuary aligns with other recent environmental initiatives in India, including the restoration of wetlands under the Amrit Dharohar programme and the expansion of protected coastal zones in Kerala and Odisha. The recognition of Dhanushkodi’s ecological importance reflects a growing national commitment to protect migratory routes and biodiversity hotspots from development pressures.

With the Greater Flamingo Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu reinforces its position at the forefront of climate-resilient and conservation-focused governance. Environmentalists and ornithologists have hailed this as a timely and critical step for species conservation in an era of climate change and habitat loss.

Dhanushkodi and Nearby Islands

The region around Rameswaram is blessed with pristine islands that beautifully blend mystery, spirituality, and natural wonder. Each of these islands has its own story to tell — from the haunting silence of Dhanushkodi to the marine magic of Kurusadai and the calm charm of Erwadi. Whether you’re a nature lover, a photographer, or a curious traveler, these destinations promise a memorable coastal experience.

Dhanushkodi Island

Dhanushkodi, a deserted yet enchanting island near Rameswaram, is known for its mysterious charm and scenic beauty. The area remains uninhabited, and civilians are not allowed to stay after 6 p.m. Tourists can explore the stunning shoreline but are not permitted to enter the sea due to strong currents. Local fishermen, however, may be seen in the area. Watching the waves crash at the “Land’s End,” where the Bay of Bengal meets the Indian Ocean, is a truly mesmerizing experience.

Kurusadai Island (Crusade Island)

Located about 14 km from Rameswaram Railway Station, Kurusadai Island is a hidden gem in the Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park. Visitors usually stay at Rameswaram or Ramanathapuram to access this beautiful island. It’s famous for its vibrant coral reefs, playful dolphins, and rare marine species such as Balanoglossus. The island is a paradise for marine biologists, nature enthusiasts, and anyone who loves the serenity of the sea.

Erwadi Island

Erwadi Island, near the Erwadi Church, offers a peaceful and unique experience for visitors. Although technically not an island, it is locally referred to as one because of its surrounding water channels. A location signboard near the church marks the spot, and glass boat rides are available for those who wish to explore the area’s calm waters and scenic beauty. It’s a serene spot for travelers looking to unwind away from the crowds.

Olaikuda Beach

Scuba diving is the main activity in Olaikuda Beach. It is famous for coral reefs and ocean reefs. It is at a distaance of one kilometer from Rameswaram.